Tumut

Indicator: Native Species

Results for this indicator are also available for   [an error occurred while processing this directive]

What the results tell us for Tumut

The full extent of native animal and plant species diversity in Tumut Shire is not known. About 1,083 plant species (native and introduced) and 359 animal species have been recorded there, but these records are not comprehensive.

Differences in reported species diversity compared with the last reporting period reflect factors such as improved use of data sources and survey efforts since 2004.

Twenty plant and 36 vertebrate animal species that occur in the Shire are listed as Vulnerable or Endangered in New South Wales (NSW) or nationally and an additional 34 threatened species are predicted to occur in the Shire.

Native plants and animals in the Shire are subject to national, state and local laws relating to biodiversity protection. Formal recovery plans were in place for eight listed threatened species and Eighteen animal species were covered by national action plans. Although various recovery actions had been initiated for many of the threatened species, the extent to which activities were carried out in the Shire and had been effective in conserving these species was not known.

What native species occur in the Shire?

No comprehensive lists of plant or animal species were available for Tumut Shire. As past extensive clearing has resulted in significant loss of natural habitat for native plants and animals, species occurring in vegetation remnants within or near the Shire provide some indication of the area's former native species diversity. Important areas containing remnant vegetation include national parks, nature reserves, travelling stock reserves, road reserves and cemeteries.

Plants (flora)

About 1083 plant species, most of them native and including many lichens and mosses, have been recorded in the Shire. This is 77 species less than reported in the State of the Environment 2004 report, the change is likely to reflect differences in data sources as well as survey work since June 2004. No information was available on the abundance of native plant species during the reporting period.

Twenty plants recorded in the Shire were listed as Vulnerable or Endangered (see Table 1), an increase of eight species on the previous reporting period. This difference however is the result of the use of updated and differing data sources to the previous reporting period (see Differences between reporting periods). Of the eight new additions, four are listed as Critically Endangered within NSW.

No updated data was provided on predicted species occurrences, however based on data gathered for the previous reporting period, scientific experts predict that an additional 11 vulnerable or endangered species may also occur in the Shire (see Table 2), although there were no confirmed records of them at the end of the previous or current reporting period.

Table 1. Threatened plants known to occur in Tumut Shire
Common name Scientific name Conservation status Recovery Plan or Action Plan
National† NSW‡ Change*
  Prasophyllum innubum - CE N/A None
  Prasophyllum keltonii - CE N/A None
  Grevillea parviflora - V N/A None
Austral Toadflax Thesium australe V V No National recovery plan in preparation (as at 27/10/2008)
Bago Leek Orchid Prasophyllum bagoensis - E N/A None
Black hooded Sun Orchid Thelymitra atronitida - CE N/A None
Blue-tongued Greenhood Pterostylis oreophila - CE N/A None
Cotoneaster Pomaderris Pomaderris cotoneaster E E No National recovery plan in preparation (as at 27/10/08)
Kiandra Leek Orchid Prasophyllum retroflexum V V No None
Leafy Anchor Plant Discaria nitida - V No None
Mauve Burr-daisy Calotis glandulosa V V No None
Monaro Golden Daisy Rutidosis leiolepis V V No None
Pine Donkey Orchid Diuris tricolor V V N/A None
Raleigh Sedge Carex raleighii - E No National recovery plan (2002); NSW recovery plan
Rough Eyebright Euphrasia scabra   E No National Recovery Plan (2000)
Sand-hill Spider Orchid Caladenia arenaria E E N/A National Recovery Plan 2005; NSW Recovery Plan
Silky Swainson-pea Swainsona sericea - V No None
Small Snake Orchid Diuris pedunculata E E No National recovery plan in preparation (as at 28/10/08)
Tumut Grevillea Grevillea wilkinsonii E E No National Recovery Plan (2001); NSW Recovery Plan
Yass Daisy Ammobium craspedioides V V No None

# Status (threat category): E=endangered; V= Vulnerable CE = Critically Endangered

† National Status under the Environment Protection and Biodiversity Conservation Act 1999; ‡ NSW Status under the Threatened Species Conservation Act 1995; *Change in status singe the end of the last reporting period (see also Threatened species –status).

Source: DECC 2005; DEH 2008; NSW Government 2005

Table 2. Threatened plant species predicted to occur in Tumut Shire
Common name Scientific name
Anenome Buttercup Ranunculus anemoneus
Austral Pillwort Pilularia novae-hollandiae
Crimson Spider Orchid Caladenia concolor
Max Mueller's Burr-daisy Calotis pubescens
Mueller's Eyebright Euphrasia collina subsp. muelleri
Pine Donkey Orchid Diuris tricolor
Silky Swainson-pea Swainsona sericea
Swamp Everlasting Xerochrysum palustre
Tarengo Leek Orchid Prasophyllum petilum
Wee Jasper Grevillea Grevillea iaspicula
Woolly Ragwort Senecio garlandii

Source: DECC 2005

Animals (fauna)

Three hundred and fifty nine vertebrate animal species have been recorded in the Shire, about 60% of them birds (see Table 3). Changes in the numbers of different types of animals shown in Table 3 are likely to reflect factors such as the inclusion of non native species in the source data, differences in data sources and possibly survey effort since July 2000. The number of invertebrate animals (insects etc) in the Shire is not known. No specific information was available on the abundance of animal species during the reporting period.

Table 3. Number of vertebrate animal species known to occur in Tumut Shire
Animal group (Order) Number of Species Number of Species
State of the Environment 2008 State of the Environment 2004
Mammals 97 43
Birds 164 162
Amphibians 14 19
Reptiles 67 41
Fish 17 2
Total 267 267

Source: NSW Government 2005

Thirty-six fauna species recorded in Tumut Shire are listed as endangered or vulnerable (see Table 4). They include 13 mammals, 15 birds, five frogs, one reptile and two fish. No information was provided on status changes for the current reporting period.

Table 4. Threatened animals known to occur in Tumut Shire
Commonname Scientificname Conservation status# Recovery Plan or Action Plan (Date if known)
National† NSW‡ Change*
Mammals
Broad-toothed Rat Mastacomys fuscus – V No None
Brush-tailed Phascogale Phascogale tapoatafa – V No Action Plan (1996)2
Brush-tailed Rock-wallaby Petrogale penicillata V E No National Recovery Plan in preparation; Action Plan (1996)2
Eastern Bentwing-bat Miniopterus schreibersii oceanensis – V No None
Eastern False Pipistrelle Falsistrellus tasmaniensis – V No None
Eastern Freetail-bat Mormopterus norfolkensis – V No None
Eastern Pygmy-possum Cercartetus nanus – V No None
Eastern Long-eared Bat (Greater Long-eared Bat) Nyctophilus timoriensis V V No Action Plan (1999)3
Koala Phascolarctos cinereus – V No Recovery Plan exhibited (21/03/03)
Smoky Mouse Pseudomys fumeus E E No National Recovery Plan in preparation
Spotted-tailed Quoll Dasyurus maculatus E V No National Recovery Plan in preparation; Action Plan (1996)2
Squirrel Glider Petaurus norfolcensis – V No Action Plan (1996)2
Yellow-bellied Glider Petaurus australis – V No Recovery Plan (07/03/2003); Action Plan (1996)2
Birds
Barking Owl (southern form) Ninox connivens connivens – V No Recovery Plan exhibited (10/03/03);Action Plan (2000)1
Black-chinned Honeyeater (eastern form) Melithreptus gularis gularis – V No Action Plan (2000)1
Blue-billed Duck Oxyura australis – V No Action Plan (2000)1
Brown Treecreeper (eastern subspecies) Climacteris picumnus victoriae – V No Action Plan (2000)1
Bush Stone-curlew Burhinus grallarius – E No Action Plan (2000)1
Diamond Firetail Stagonopleura guttata – V No Action Plan (2000)1
Hooded Robin (south-eastern form) Melanodryas cucullata cucullata – V No Action Plan (2000)1
Olive Whistler Pachycephala olivacea – V No None
Painted Honeyeater Grantiella picta – V No Action Plan (2000)1
Pink Robin Petroica rodinogaster – V No None
Powerful Owl Ninox strenua – V No Action Plan (2000)1
Speckled Warbler Chthonicola sagittata – V No Action Plan (2000)1
Square-tailed Kite Lophoictinia isura – V No Action Plan (2000)1
Swift Parrot Lathamus discolor E E No National Recovery Plan 2001–2005 (2001); Action Plan (2000)1
Turquoise Parrot Neophema pulchella – V No Action Plan (2000)1
Amphibians
Alpine Tree Frog Litoria verreauxii alpina V E No National Recovery Plan in preparation
Booroolong Frog Litoria booroolongensis – E   Recovery Plan in preparation
Northern Corroboree Frog Pseudophryne pengilleyi V V No National Recovery Plan in preparation
Southern Bell Frog Litoria raniformis V E No National Recovery Plan in preparation
Southern Corroboree Frog Pseudophryne corroboree E E No National Recovery Plan (?2001); NSW Recovery Plan (2001)
Reptiles
Striped Legless-lizard Delma impar V V No National Recovery Plan 1999–2003 (1999)
Fish
Macquarie Perch Macquaria australasica E E No National Recovery Plan in preparation
Trout Cod Maccullochella macquariensis E E No Recovery Plan 1998–2005 (1998)

# Status (threat category): E = Endangered; V = Vulnerable† National status under the Environment Protection and Biodiversity Conservation Act 1999; ‡ NSW status under the Threatened Species Conservation Act 1995; * Change in status since the end of the last reporting period (see also Threatened species—status)References: 1 = Garnett & Crowley 2000; 2 = Maxwell et al. 1996; 3 = Duncan et al. 1999; Other sources: Birds Australia 2005; CSIRO 2005; DECC 2005b; DEH 2005; DPI 2005; Graham 2005; NSW Government 2005

No updated information was provided for predicted species occurrences, but based on data gathered for the previous reporting period, scientific experts predict that an additional 13 vulnerable or endangered animal species may occur in the Shire (see Table 5), although there were no confirmed records of them at the end of the current or previous reporting period.

Table 5. Threatened animals predicted to occur in Tumut Shire
Common name Scientific name
Brolga Grus rubicundus
Freckled Duck Stictonetta naevosa
Gilbert's Whistler Pachycephala inornata
Golden Sun Moth Synemon plana
Grey-crowned Babbler (eastern subspecies) Pomatostomus temporalis temporalis
Large-footed Myotis Myotis adversus
Little Pied Bat Chalinolobus picatus
Masked Owl Tyto novaehollandiae
Pink-tailed Worm-lizard Aprasia parapulchella
Regent Honeyeater Xanthomyza phrygia
Rosenberg's Goanna Varanus rosenbergi
Superb Parrot Polytelis swainsonii
Yellow-bellied Sheathtail-bat Saccolaimus flaviventris

Source: DECC, 2005b

In the broader South Western Slopes, South Eastern Highlands and Australian Alps bioregions within which Tumut Shire is located, some bird species that are not listed as threatened are reported to have decreased in abundance over the last 20 years, although others are reported to have increased (Barrett et al. 2003). A selection of these species that occur in the Shire is listed in Table 6.

Table 6. Native birds reported to be declining or increasing in NSW South Western Slopes, South Eastern Highlands and Australian Alps bioregions and known to occur in Tumut Shire*
Common Name Scientific Name Declining Increasing
Australian Raven Corvus coronoides   +
Black-shouldered Kite Elanus axillaris +  
Brown Falcon Falco berigora +  
Chestnut Teal Anas castanea   +
Dusky Moorhen Gallinula tenebrosa   +
Eastern Yellow Robin Eopsaltria australis   +
Emu Dromaius novaehollandiae +  
Golden Whistler Pachycephala pectoralis   +
Grey Shrike-thrush Colluricincla harmonica   +
Jacky Winter Microeca fascinans +  
Little Eagle Hieraaetus morphnoides +  
Masked Lapwing Vanellus miles +  
Mistletoebird Dicaeum hirundinaceum   +
Nankeen Kestrel Falco cenchroides +  
Noisy Friarbird Philemon corniculatus   +
Pied Butcherbird Cracticus nigrogularis +  
Pied Currawong Strepera graculina   +
Purple Swamphen Porphyrio porphyrio   +
Red Wattlebird Anthochaera carunculata   +
Restless Flycatcher Myiagra inquieta +  
Silvereye Zosterops lateralis   +
Spotted Pardalote Pardalotus punctatus   +
Striated Pardalote Pardalotus striatus   +
Superb Fairy-wren Malurus cyaneus   +
Wedge-tailed Eagle Aquila audax +  
Weebill Smicrornis brevirostris +  
Western Gerygone Gerygone fusca   +
Yellow Thornbill Acanthiza nana   +

* For a complete list of declining and increasing species in the bioregion, see Barrett et al. 2003 pages 757–788; Source: Barrett et al. 2003; Birds Australia 2005, CSIRO 2005; NSW Government 2005

Threats and impacts on native species

Habitat disturbance and fragmentation are major threats to the distribution and abundance of native plant and animal species within the Shire; with changes in landcover and landuse being significant factors. There is little documented information however on the specific impacts of habitat disturbance, fragmentation or other threatening factors on species.

Although native plants and animals in the Shire would have been subject to prolonged drought conditions during the current reporting period, actual drought impacts on species are generally not known or poorly understood. Such a natural event may however affect the abundance of species by causing localised deaths (plants and animals) or migration out of the area (animals).

Threatening processes affecting plants

Several key processes listed as threatening in Schedule 3 of the NSW Threatened Species Conservation Act 1995 are relevant to plant species in Tumut Shire. They include:

  • alteration to the natural flow regimes of rivers and streams and their floodplains and wetlands
  • clearing of native vegetation
  • competition and grazing by the feral European Rabbit (Oryctolagus cuniculus)
  • invasion of native plant communities by exotic perennial grasses.

The main known threats to some of the endangered/vulnerable plants occurring in the Shire are outlined in Table 7. For information on known threats for other threatened plants in the area, including species predicted to occur there, see http://www.threatenedspecies.environment.nsw.gov.au/index.aspx.

Table 7. Selection of known threats to some listed Endangered and Vulnerable plants in Tumut Shire
Species Threats
Austral Toadflax
  • loss and degradation of habitat and populations through residential, infrastructure and agricultural developments, intensification of grazing regimes, weed invasion and from road works (particularly widening or re-routing)
Cotonaster Pomaderris
  • inappropriate fire regimes
  • trampling
Floating Swamp Wallaby-grass
  • drainage of swamps and use for agricultural purposes
  • disturbance and clearance of remnants during road maintenance and upgrades
  • use of herbicides
Tumut Grevillea
  • loss and degradation of habitat and/or populations through clearing, flooding, competition from exotic plants, herbicide spraying, roadworks, fire
  • grazing by animals
Yass Daisy
  • loss and degradation of habitat and/or populations through agricultural developments, intensification of grazing regimes, weed invasion, road works (particularly widening or re-routing)
  • inappropriate mowing or slashing in cemetery sites where species occurs

Source: DECC 2005b

Threatening processes affecting animals

Several key processes listed as threatening in Schedule 3 of the NSW Threatened Species Conservation Act 1995 are relevant to animal species in Tumut Shire. They include:

  • alteration to the natural flow regimes of rivers and streams and their floodplains and wetlands
  • bushrock removal
  • clearing of native vegetation
  • competition and grazing by the feral European Rabbit (Oryctolagus cuniculus)
  • competition and habitat degradation by Feral Goats (Capra hircus)
  • competition from feral honeybees (Apis mellifera)
  • infection of frogs by amphibian chytrid causing the disease chytridiomycosis
  • predation by Plague Minnow or Mosquito Fish (Gambusia holbrooki)
  • predation by the European Red Fox (Vulpes vulpes)
  • predation by the Feral Cat (Felis catus)
  • predation, habitat degradation, competition and disease transmission by Feral Pigs (Sus scrofa)
  • removal of dead wood and dead trees.

Eight key threats identified for native fish within the Murray-Darling Basin (MDBMC 2003) may also be relevant to fish species within the Shire. These threats are low regulation, habitat degradation, lowered water quality, barriers, alien species, exploitation, diseases, and translocation and stocking.

Threats identified for most endangered/vulnerable animals occurring in Tumut Shire are shown in Table 8. The threats include a range of factors that affect species habitat, food sources or population viability. Habitat clearance and fragmentation threaten many of the species. For information about known threats for individual species that occur in the area, and other threatened species predicted to occur there, see http://www.threatenedspecies.environment.nsw.gov.au/index.aspx.

Table 8. Selection of known threats to most listed Endangered and Vulnerable animals in Tumut Shire.
Species Threats
Mammals*
Broad-toothed Rat; Brush-tailed Phascogale; Brush-tailed Rock Wallaby; Eastern Bent-wing Bat; Eastern False Pipistrelle; Eastern Pygmy-possum; Koala; Smoky Mouse; Spotted-tailed Quoll; Squirrel Glider; Yellow-bellied Glider habitat loss, fragmentation and/or degradation through native vegetation clearance, removal of old growth elements from unlogged forests, application of pesticides and herbicides in or adjacent to foraging areas disturbance to roosting and breeding sites reduction in stream water quality affecting food resources, competition with foxes and feral cats predation by foxes and dogs impacts of widespread strychnine baiting for dingoes non-target mortality from trapping and poisoning mortality as a result of raiding caged birds
Birds*
Barking Owl (southern form); Black-chinned Honeyeater (eastern form); Blue-billed Duck; Brown Treecreeper (eastern subspecies); Bush Stone-curlew; Diamond Firetail; Hooded Robin; Olive Whistler; Painted Honeyeater; Pink Robin; Powerful Owl; Speckled Warbler; Square-tailed Kite; Swift Parrot; Turquoise Parrot habitat clearance, fragmentation and/or degradation through native vegetation clearance, tree loss through altered water tables, overgrazing by stock and rabbits drainage or degradation of deep permanent wetlands mortality during duck hunting season fox and cat predation competition with Starlings for nest sites road mortality
Amphibians*
Alpine Tree Frog; Booroolong Frog; Northern Corroboree Frog; Southern Bell Frog; Southern Corroboree Frog habitat loss and degradation through modification of steam channels, loss of cobble banks, loss of native streamside vegetation, stock damage to stream margins, weed invasion of streamside habitats (particularly by willows) changes to water quality through sedimentation and use of herbicides or pesticides near streams predation of eggs and tadpoles by introduced fish disease—chytrid fungus
Reptiles
Striped Legless-lizard habitat loss, fragmentation and/or degradation through land clearance for residential, agricultural and industrial developments, rock removal, heavy grazing and trampling by stock and rabbits, invasion by weeds or escaped pasture species, slashing for hazard reduction, ploughing modification of habitat through tree-planting in native grasslands changed fire regimes that result in changes to vegetation structure and composition
Fish*
Macquarie Perch; Trout Cod modification of natural river flows & temperatures from river regulation habitat degradation through removal of snags, changes in water quality associated with agriculture and other land uses, siltation caused by clearing, loss of riparian vegetation illegal fishing competition from or interactions with introduced fish species such as trout, redfin perch, gambusia and carp stocking of inappropriate genetic strains, poor quality silver perch or silver perch hybrids diseases such as EHN (epizootic haematopoietic necrosis), which is carried by redfin perch

* Each threat listed does not necessarily apply to every species; Source: DECC, 2005b, DPI 2005

What is being done to conserve native species?

Laws and policy

National and state laws provide a framework for the protection of native plant and animal species within the Shire. Two state laws were enacted during the previous reporting period: the Native Vegetation Act 2003 and the Catchment Management Authorities Act 2003. These two laws and the National Parks and Wildlife Act 1974 provide a landscape scale framework for biodiversity management. The National Parks and Wildlife Act 1974, other state laws including the Fisheries Management Act 1994 and Threatened Species Conservation Act 1995 and the national Environmental Protection and Biodiversity Conservation Act 1999 provide the framework for the recognition and protection of threatened plant and animal species, and usually require the species to be taken into account during proposed developments.

Tumut Shire is located within the Murrumbidgee Catchment Management Authority (CMA) area. The CMA is required to work in partnership with Local Government as well as other stakeholders. No updated information was provided for CMA actions, but during the previous reporting period, the Murrumbidgee Catchment Blueprint (Murrumbidgee Catchment Management Board 2003), included a range of management actions to restore, maintain or conserve biodiversity values.

Local government regulations, legislation or planning documents such as local environmental plans may also provide some protection for native species, or limit or prohibit certain activities that may lead to the further decline of protected species. All development applications are assessed in accordance with the Environmental Planning and Assessment Act 1979 which requires consideration of threatened species. Tumut Shire Council requires a Statement of Environmental Effects to be prepared for all development applications.

Threatened species recovery planning

Of the 56 threatened species known to occur in Tumut Shire, only eight have formal recovery plans in place (see Tables 2 and 4); plans for six species were adopted during the previous reporting period. During that same time plans were being prepared for another nine species, and were exhibited for a further two species. Eighteen animal species were covered by three national action plans, at least two of which were completed prior to 2001(see Table 4).

An array of actions has been detailed by various conservation management agencies for many of the threatened species occurring in Tumut Shire. No updated data was provided on further actions during the current reporting period. Although recovery actions had been initiated during the previous reporting period by researchers and the NSW Department of Environment and Climate Change (DECC) for some of the threatened plant and animal species with no recovery plans (DECC 2004), these actions did not necessarily occur within the Shire. The extent to which recovery actions are proving effective in conserving targeted threatened species is not clear.

Other activities

No updated information on Shire Council actions was provided, but actions taken during the previous reporting period may have had flow on effects into the current reporting period. The main actions Tumut Shire Council took during the previous reporting period to protect biodiversity were controlling development and requiring Statements of Environmental Effects with all applications.

A range of nationally funded activities undertaken during the previous reporting period in the Murrumbidgee catchment (DIPNR 2004) may also have enhanced the conservation of plant and animal species in the Shire.

The Grassy Box Woodland Conservation Management Network initiated and commenced implemented of a Biodiversity Conservation in the NSW Sheep/Wheat Belt project during the previous reporting period. The project includes gathering information to assist in assessing the status and extent of endangered ecological communities and threatened bird species across the NSW sheep/wheat belt, of which the Tumut Shire is a part. Surveys commenced at the beginning of the current reporting period included sites located in the Shire. The surveys are expected to be continued for several years, with each year's survey results being provided to local and regional planning authorities. Furthermore, Tumut Shire supports three Landcare groups.

About the data

Data for species lists were obtained from the sources listed below.

  • BioNet (NSW Government 2005)—this database includes records from the Australian Museum, Department of Environment and Climate Change (DECC) and Department of Primary Industries (DPI). The DECC data includes data from the former NSW National Parks and Wildlife Service Atlas of NSW Wildlife database (DECC 2005a) and the Sydney Royal Botanic Gardens Herbarium Collection database (Royal Botanic Gardens 2005). The DPI data includes data from the former NSW State Forests and the former NSW Fisheries.
  • Atlas of NSW Wildlife (DECC 2005a)—species records are submitted to the Atlas as incidental sightings or systematic surveys, or imported from existing databases. Location details are validated on data entry, based on the grid references supplied. An accuracy index of location is applied and all records are automatically assigned a reliability category, based on the observers' experience. Unusual sightings that fail validations are queried and further validation may occur.
  • Australian National Wildlife Collection Database (CSIRO 2005).
  • Australia's Virtual Herbarium database—contains flora records from the Australian National Herbarium and other major herbaria in Australia (ANH 2005).
  • NSW State Forests data—flora and fauna records held by NSW State Forests South Coast, Eden and Riverina Regions.
  • Atlas of Australian Birds database (Birds Australia 2005)—records of threatened and migratory birds only. Detail about the database, accuracy of its records and other relevant information is outlined in Barrett et al. (2003).

Selection of species records

Species records were selected from between July 1955 to October 2008. This date range was used to eliminate species which had not been recorded in the last 50 years, and to eliminate historic records with poor locational or taxonomic detail.

Due to extensive data and time constraints, some exotic plant species may be included in the list of native plant species and hence also included in the plant species total for the Shire.

Some species, especially plants, may appear more than once in the species lists of native plants and animals where slight variations in spelling or formatting of scientific names have occurred between or within the datasets used to compile these lists.

The total number of plant and animal species referred to in this report equals the total number of taxa listed in the lists of native plant and animal species (i.e. the total 'species' count includes varieties, subspecies, forms and hybrids).

Differences between reporting periods

The DECC Wildlife Atlas is the only source used to generate species lists for vulnerable and threatened flora species during this reporting period. This tool allows for geographic searching by Local Government Area Boundaries, hence revealing a more spatially accurate data set for the LGA in question. It is possible that the differences in threatened fauna species between 2008 and the 2004 report are due to a different catchment boundary being utilised for the previous reporting period (i.e. CMA regions), which do not correspond entirely with LGA boundaries.

Threatened species—status

Plant and animal species listed under the Commonwealth Government's Endangered Species Protection Act 1992 were automatically transferred to the new Environment Protection and Biodiversity Conservation Act 1999 (EPBC Act) and were formally listed under the EPBC Act on 16 July 2000. Although this listing date falls within the current reporting period, the status of such species was considered to remain unchanged from the previous reporting period. Data on the status of plant and animal species listed under NSW Threatened Species Conservation Act 1995 (TSC Act) was not provided for this reporting period and was considered to remain unchanged.

Threatened species predicted to occur in the Shire

No data was provided for predicted threatened species in the current reporting period. Data given here is based on that provided for the previous reporting period. This data was sourced from the DECC, Threatened Species Unit, Southern Directorate as an extract from its Property Vegetation Planning Database.

References

ANH—see Australian National Herbarium

Australian National Herbarium (2005) Australia's Virtual Herbarium database, Centre for Plant Biodiversity Research, CSIRO and Australian National Botanic Gardens, Department of Environment and Climate Change, Canberra.

Barrett, G, Silcocks, A, Barry, S, Cunningham, R and Poulter, R (2003) The New Atlas of Australian Birds, Royal Australasian Ornithologist's Union, Melbourne.

Birds Australia (2005) Atlas of Australian Birds database, Birds Australia, Melbourne.

Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation (2005) Australian National Wildlife Collection Database, Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation, Sustainable Ecosystems, Canberra.

CSIRO—see Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation

DECC—see Department of Environment and Climate Change (NSW)

Department of Environment and Climate Change (NSW) (2004) Recovery Planning Database, Threatened Species Unit, Department of Environment and Climate Change, Hurstville.

Department of Environment and Climate Change (NSW) (2005a) Atlas of NSW Wildlife Database, Department of Environment and Climate Change, Hurstville.

Department of Environment and Climate Change (NSW) (2005b) Threatened Species, Populations and Ecological Communities of NSW Catchments, viewed October 2008 http://www.threatenedspecies.environment.nsw.gov.au/index.aspx.

Department of Environment and Heritage (Commonwealth) (2008) Species Profile and Threats Database, http://www.deh.gov.au/cgi-bin/sprat/public/sprat.pl.

Department of Infrastructure Planning and Natural Resources (NSW) (2004) 2003/04 Combined NSW Catchment Management Authorities Annual Report, Volume 1: CMA Activities and Achievements, Department of Infrastructure Planning and Natural Resources, Sydney.

Department of Primary Industries (2005) Fisheries Scientific Committee Final Recommendations, http://www.fisheries.nsw.gov.au/threatened_species/fsc/recomend.

DIPNR—see Department of Infrastructure, Planning and Natural Resources (NSW)

DPI—see Department of Primary Industries (NSW)

Duncan, A, Baker, GB and Montgomery, N (eds) (1999) The Action Plan for Australian Bats, Environment Australia, Canberra.

Garnett, ST and Crowley, GM (2000) The Action Plan for Australian Birds, Environment Australia, Canberra.

Graham, C (2005) Charles Sturt University, personal communication.

Maxwell, S, Burbidge, AA and Morris, K (eds) (1996) The 1996 Action Plan for Australian Marsupials and Monotremes, Environment Australia, Canberra.

MDBMC—see Murray-Darling Basin Ministerial Council

Murray-Darling Basin Ministerial Council (2003) Native Fish Strategy for the Murray-Darling Basin 2003–2013, Murray Darling Basin Commission, Canberra.

Murrumbidgee Catchment Management Board (2003) Murrumbidgee Catchment Blueprint, NSW Department of Land and Water Conservation, Sydney, online at http://www.dlwc.nsw.gov.au/care/cmb/blueprints/pdf/murrumbidgee_blueprint.pdf.

NSW Government (2005) BioNet System, NSW Government, viewed October 2008, http://www.bionet.nsw.gov.au/BioNet.cfm?is_ie5up.

OCE—see Office of the Commissioner for the Environment

Office of the Commissioner for the Environment (2000) Australian Capital Region State of the Environment Report 2000, Office of the Commissioner for the Environment, Canberra.

Royal Botanic Gardens (2005) Herbarium Collection Database, Royal Botanic Gardens, Sydney.

 

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